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The Promise and Peril of Chemical Probe Negative Controls
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Friendly Fire: How Autoantibodies Could Drive Severe COVID-19
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Abstract
Substitution for aspartic acid by glycine at position 614 in the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 appears to facilitate rapid viral spread. The G614 strain and its recent variants are now the dominant circulating forms. We report here cryo-EM structures of a full-length G614 S trimer, which adopts three distinct prefusion conformations differing primarily by the position of one receptor-binding domain. A loop disordered in the D614 S trimer wedges between domains within a protomer in the G614 spike. This added interaction appears to prevent premature dissociation of the G614 trimer, effectively increasing the number of functional spikes and enhancing infectivity, and to modulate structural rearrangements for membrane fusion. These findings extend our understanding of viral entry and suggest an improved immunogen for vaccine development.
February 23, 2021
Many people associate a fresh snowfall with pleasures such as hot chocolate and winter sports. But for city dwellers, it also can mean caked-on salt that sticks to shoes, clothing hems and cars. That’s because as soon as the mercury dips below freezing and precipitation is in the forecast, local governments start spreading de-icing salts to keep roads from freezing over.
De-icing salts also do extensive damage to autos, infrastructure and the environment. And cities use them in enormous quantities nearly 20 million tons per year in the U.S. Snowbelt cities in Canada, Europe and Japan also heavily use de-icing salts.
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