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Attempts to lead a long and healthy life are often stymied by conflicting advice, particularly when it comes to nutrition. A new fault line has opened up in recent years around not so much what you should eat but when you should eat. Whether to eat or avoid breakfast has proven to be a particular flashpoint.
The study participants agreed to a 30-year follow-up, which began in 1996.
The study represents one of the longest longitudinal evaluations of a group s response to exercise and provides novel findings regarding the effects of endurance training separated by a 30-year period.
The initial study evaluated the response to endurance exercise training after a 20-day period of bed rest.
How to live longer: Endurance exercise is the best way to improve cardiovascular function (Image: Getty Images)
Testing the men before and after exercise, the researchers found devastating changes that included faster resting heart rates, higher systolic blood pressures, a drop in the heart s maximum pumping capacity, a rise in body fat, and a fall in muscle strength.