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Measuring Up in Higher Education - How University Rankings and League Tables are Re-shaping Knowledge Production in the Global Era | Anthony R Welch

This book examines the quality assessment movement in academic scholarship, as globalization prompts a search for global measures of university services and output.  It gauges productivity in terms of universal publication metrics, and considers ranking and research productivity from a comparative perspective. The book considers the use of the “impact factor” as a gauge of publication value, noting that this less important in countries lacking central government appropriations to universities and to research. It argues that pressure to publish in certain journals, and to research topics of interest to English language readers, has been felt differentially in English-language systems, compared to others, but also that performance pressures fall more on younger, more juniour, contract staff, than on senior and tenured professors. It problematizes international comparisons of quality, and analyses the benefits of a zone of ideas and metrics in a common language – promoting intern

5 Ways to Take Early Retirement Withdrawals Without Paying a Penalty

5 Ways to Take Early Retirement Withdrawals Without Paying a Penalty Paying taxes is unpleasant enough. Don t get hit with an early withdrawal fine. This story originally appeared on NewRetirement. Early retirement is a dream for many. However, a really early retirement is fairly rare. According to research published on LIMRA, only about 20% of all Americans retire in their 50s or before with most of those happening after age 55. For those that do retire early, figuring out how to fund expenses can be challenging. One problem is that most of the retirement savings vehicles namely traditional 401(k)s and IRAs enforce a 10% penalty for any withdrawals made before age 59.5.

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