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Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults

See eTable 1 in Supplement 2 for definitions of each analysis population. Among those receiving aluminum hydroxide (alum) for the first dose, 5 participants received WIV04 (n = 2) and HB02 (n = 3) vaccines for the second dose and were not included in the safety analysis population of the alum-only group (13 458 – 5 = 13 453), but were included in the WIV04 and HB02 groups, respectively. Three participants who received WIV04 for the first dose and HB02 for the second dose and 3 participants who received HB02 for the first dose and WIV04 for the second dose were included in both groups (WIV04: 13 459 + 2 + 3 = 13 464; HB02: 13 465 + 3 + 3 = 13 471). To measure neutralization antibody levels, the first 900 participants from each study site were selected. There were 9 participants in the WIV04 group, 7 in the HB02 group, and 8 in alum-only group who had adverse events or serious adverse events (SAEs) after the first dose and did not receive the secon

Normally harmless cell molecule triggers neuron death

Credit: Wanli Liu A vital intermediate in normal cell metabolism is also, in the right context, a trigger for cell death, according to a new study from Wanli Liu and Yonghui Zhang of Tsinghua University, and Yong Zhang of Peking University in Beijing, publishing 26th April 2021 in the open access journal PLOS biology. The discovery may contribute to a better understanding of the damage caused by stroke, and may offer a new drug target to reduce that damage. Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) is an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway, a series of biochemical reactions in every cell that contributes to protein synthesis, energy production, and construction of cell membranes. During a search for regulators of immune cell function, the authors unexpectedly discovered that FPP, when present at high concentrations outside of cells, caused rapid and extensive death of cells. FPP carries both a highly charged phosphate head and a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail, and by altering each in turn

Scientists reveal origin of neuronal diversity in hypothalamus

Credit: IGDB A mechanistic understanding of brain development requires a systematic survey of neural progenitor cell types, their lineage specification and maturation of postmitotic neurons. Cumulative evidences based on single-cell transcriptomic analysis have revealed the heterogeneity of cortical neural progenitors, their temporal patterning and the developmental trajectories of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the developing neocortex. Nevertheless, the developmental hierarchy of the hypothalamus, which contains an astounding diversity of neurons that regulate endocrine, autonomic and behavioral functions, has not been well understood. Recently, however, Prof. WU Qingfeng s group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) conducted a study focusing on the origin of this neuronal diversity. For their work, they profiled the transcriptome of 43,261 hypothalamic neural cells to map the developmental landscape of the mou

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