Battle of Appomattox: Understanding General Lee s Surrender
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The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse is considered by many historians the end of the Civil War and the start of post-Civil War America. The events of General Robert E. Lee’s surrender to General and future President Ulysses S. Grant at a small town courthouse in Central Virginia put into effect much of what was to follow.
The surrender at Appomattox Courthouse was about reconciliation, healing, and restoring the Union. While the Radical Republicans had their mercifully brief time in the sun rubbing defeated Dixie’s nose in it, they represented the bleeding edge of Northern radicalism that wanted to punish the South, not reintegrate it into the Union as an equal partner.
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The Appomattox Campaign began on Wednesday, March 29, 1865. After a final meeting at City Point, Virginia, to discuss strategy with United States president Abraham Lincoln, Union general William T. Sherman, and Admiral David Porter, Ulysses S. Grant set in motion the Army of the Potomac, commanded by George G. Meade, and the Army of the James, commanded by Edward O. C. Ord, with the intention of turning the right, or southern, flank of Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, entrenched at Petersburg, Virginia, since June of the previous year. If Grant could get his armies around Lee’s right, he would prevent the Army of Northern Virginia from escaping west to link up with Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston‘s Army of Tennessee, then operating in North Carolina against Sherman. At the opening of the Appomattox Campaign, Grant’s two armies numbered about 125,000 and Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia less than half that number.