UK further and higher education staff suffer attacks on pay and conditions
Educators throughout the further education sector who have been returning to schools since the beginning of March are facing pay cuts, job losses and increased workloads as employers attempt to place the economic burden of the pandemic on the working class.
University staff and students on strike in defence of their pay, conditions and pensions at University College London in 2019 (credit: WSWS media)
Several strikes have erupted or are breaking out, indicating the determination of workers to defend their conditions. However, they are opposed in this by the unions, chief among them the University and College Union (UCU), which is isolating and shutting down every trace of opposition by staff. The unions are continuing the role they have played since the start of the pandemic suppressing industrial action in the name of “national unity” and allowing big business and the Conservative government to intensi
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April 15, 2021 The ridge of the Malvern Hills has been inspiring composers and artists for thousands of years: Credit: Getty Images
Elgar’s music resonates all over the Malverns as Fiona Reynolds revels in a walk to the Worcestershire Beacon.
With Elgar’s
Serenade for Strings soaring through my headphones, my heart throbbing with emotion and effort, I climb the steep approach to the Worcestershire Beacon. It’s the highest point of the Malvern Hills and it’s blowing a gale. It’s been a gloomy, chilly morning, but suddenly there’s blue sky against the trig point and my black lab Ruskin (a puppy no longer) bounds to the top and poses.
160 years since the attack on Fort Sumter: The beginning of the American Civil War
At 4:30 in the morning on April 12, 1861, the South Carolina militia lobbed a 10-inch mortar over Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. The first shot of the Civil War was a signal for a bombardment. After 33 hours and several thousand more shells, the beleaguered federal garrison at Fort Sumter surrendered to forces of the new slave republic, the Confederate States of America.
The Civil War raged on for four more years, until the surrender of Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. In between, some 750,000 Americans died in the fighting, according to the best estimates.
Casualties
29,600 (approximate) (27,500 killed and wounded, 2,100 caputred or missing)
ENTRY
SUMMARY
The Peninsula Campaign, fought during the spring and summer of 1862, was an attempt by Union general-in-chief George B. McClellan to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond from the southeast during the American Civil War (1861–1865). Pressured by United States president Abraham Lincoln to mount an offensive Union forces had been dormant since the previous July McClellan steamed his Army of the Potomac down the Chesapeake Bay, landed it at Fort Monroe, and marched it up the Peninsula between the James and York rivers. He was confronted at Yorktown by Confederates under John B. Magruder, who convinced McClellan that Confederate forces were stronger than they actually were. Consequently, on April 5 McClellan began a siege rather than attacking, providing time for Joseph E. Johnston‘s Army of Northern Virginia to arrive. Union and Confederate forces next fought each other at
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