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The writer is a freelance journalist based in Karachi. IN school we were repeatedly told that two-thirds of the earth’s surface was water. The geography teacher would draw the globe, mark the continents and then colour the rest of the circle blue denoting water. Next we were told about glaciers that store huge amounts of freshwater. But nobody taught us that, invisible to us, there was even more water groundwater crammed between rock and sediment in the form of massive aquifers hundreds of feet below. Even water managers and hydrologists who talk about harnessing and diverting surface water through building large and small infrastructure projects have failed to deliberate on the virtues, and therefore protection, of groundwater. In fact, experts acknowledge their understanding of groundwater, as compared to surface water systems, is limited.

Ahmad rafay alamImran khalidBasharat saeedGroundwater rights administration ordinanceBalochistan groundwater rights administrationWorld bankNational waterIndus basinIndus basicWater policyIndian easements actஇம்ரான் காலிட்பஷராத் சயீத்உலகம் வங்கிதேசிய தண்ணீர்இஂடஸ் பேசின்