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In 1834, Babbage proposed a more complex machine, his “analytical engine”. It used 50 digit numbers (50 cog wheels per number) on 2.5m diameter ring gears. Unlike his earlier designs it also had a memory system which could hold up to 1,000 numbers and, if constructed, would have been 150m long. Unlike his more limited “difference engine”, it could solve any computation problem. Inspired by the patterns programmable by punched cards in Jacquard’s fabric loom of 1801, Babbage used punched cards to direct his machine. Ada Lovelace, now recognised as the world’s first computer programmer, wrote of Babbage’s machine: “We may say most aptly that the analytical engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves”. He spent the rest of his life trying to raise funds for his invention, building a number of partial prototypes.

United kingdomMilton keynesCity ofTommy flowersCharles babbageAda lovelacePercy ludgateKonrad zuseComputer history museum in silicon valleyRoyal dublin societyProf brian randell at newcastle universityLondon science museumDr brian coghlan at trinity college dublinWorld warLondon scienceComputer history museum