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Battle of Karbala, (October 10, 680 [10th of Muḥarram, ah 61]), brief military engagement in which a small party led by al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and son of ʿAlī, the fourth caliph, was defeated and massacred by an army sent by the Umayyad caliph Yazīd I. The battle helped secure the position of the Umayyad dynasty, but among Shiʿi Muslims (followers of Ḥusayn) the 10th of Muḥarram (or ʿĀshūrāʾ) became an annual holy day of public mourning. Yazīd I succeeded his father, Muʿāwiyah I, to the caliphate in the spring of 680. In the city of

Al qahirahAl basrahEuphrates riverAl anbarSaudi arabiaProphet muhammadUbayd allBattle of karbala