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IMAGE: (a) Encoding quantum circuit of the five-qubit code. (b) Expectation values of 31 stabilizers for the encoded logical state |T> L. (c) Expectation values of logical Pauli operators and state fidelity. view more
Credit: @Science China Press
Universal fault-tolerant quantum computing relies on the implementation of quantum error correction. An essential milestone is the achievement of error-corrected logical qubits that genuinely benefit from error correction, outperforming simple physical qubits. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to demonstrate quantum error correcting codes with different quantum hardware, previous realizations are limited to be against certain types of errors or to prepare special logical states. It remains one of the greatest and also notoriously difficult challenges to realize a universal quantum error correcting code for more than a decade.