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Tackling the vicious cycle of fragility and water insecurity Reflection in water tank. Ghana. Photo: © Arne Hoel / World Bank Some 2.2 billion people around the world do not have access to clean drinking water, 4.2 billion do not have sanitation service, while 3 billion lack basic handwashing facilities. The consequences of this lack of access to basic services are disproportionately felt by the poorest and most vulnerable people living in fragile, and conflict-affected situations (FCS) since many of the most fragile countries are also those with the poorest services.  The challenges in fragile settings are many. Lack of physical security might make it particularly challenging to deliver water services to the affected population. Lack of safe access to clean water makes people more vulnerable to infectious diseases such as cholera, and now also makes the control and management of COVID-19 more difficult.   In countries experiencing protracted conflicts, children under 5 years

International development associationWorld bank groupWater sector reforms development policy loanNile basin initiativeWorld bankSecond programmatic energyGlobal concessional finance facilityAgro pastoral productivityMiddle eastNorth africaசர்வதேச வளர்ச்சி சங்கம்உலகம் வங்கி குழுதண்ணீர் துறை சீர்திருத்தங்கள் வளர்ச்சி பாலிஸீ கடன்நைல் பேசின் முயற்சிஉலகம் வங்கிநடுத்தர கிழக்கு