Soviet Venus Images
Most of what we know about Venus is derived from the intensive Soviet study of the planet. The only existing images from the surface were returned from four of their landing craft.
Attempts to carry phototelevision cameras to Venus in 1962 and 1965 failed, but the Venera-9 orbiter performed the first long-term imaging survey of cloud circulation, in 1975.
Venera-9
Venera-9
was the first lander to photograph the surface of Venus, on October 20, 1975. An
optical-mechanical camera,
scanning back and forth, returned almost two panoramas of a rocky hillside.
The camera system was developed by A.S. Selivanov s team at the Institute of Space Device Engineering.
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