reminders of the terror threat in the region. we re joined by the fellow at the institute of policy stud disand a u.s. foreign policy expert. thanks so much for your time this weekend. we should say a peace deal was signed back in june between the new government in mali and insurgent group, but it didn t stop an attack in august where some 12 people were killed and obviously didn t prevent friday s attack. why is that? well, i think we have to go back to the root causes of this crisis. you have a real disaffected group in the northern part of mali that have been excluded from political participation, from economic development. so what you had, actually going back to 20 11 after the ouster of gadhafi and the flood of weapons in the region, you had people taking up arms and essentially declaring the