Convenors: Prof.s Miguel Centeno, Federico Fabbrini, Kim Lane Scheppele Hosts: Princeton School of Public & International Affairs (SPIA) in cooperation with Dublin City University (DCU) Law Research Centre ABSTRACT: The Covid-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges for constitutional democracies. To contain the spread of contagions liberal-democratic countries around the world have taken a variety of public health measures, ranging from the restrictions on the movement and gathering of people, to compulsory behaviours (i.e. masks-wearing and mandatory vaccinations), to even the postponement of elections. As such, the pandemic and the responses to it have raised important challenges for the protection of fundamental rights and constitutional liberties, for separation of powers and checks and balances, and for democracy and the rule of law. At the same time, the different approaches embraced by various jurisdictions have highlighted competing strategies in established const