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Objective We explored the comparative effectiveness of available therapies for chronic pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and SCOPUS were searched to May 2021, and again in January 2023. Study selection Interventional RCTs that enrolled patients presenting with chronic pain associated with TMD. Data extraction and synthesis Pairs of reviewers independently identified eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We captured all reported patient-important outcomes, including pain relief, physical functioning, emotional functioning, role functioning, social functioning, sleep quality, and adverse events. We conducted frequentist network meta-analyses to summarise the evidence and used the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of evidence and categorise interventions from most to least beneficial. Results 233 trials

United statesRodrigo casassusAlonso carrascoZijun liMatteo coenMina maNaz torabiJoannam zakrzewskaCaroline samerCarolyn palmerJustin durhamLabra university of north carolinaChronic pain centre of excellenceHealth literatureCarolyn palmer veterans affairs canadaLanzhou university