Resin anchored rock bolts are widely used in the construction and mining industries to support and reinforce underground roadways and openings. However, increasing the depth of underground openings, particularly in coal mines, has presented a challenge for ground control designers due to the rise in geothermal heat and coal seam combustion. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the mechanical properties, microstructure, thermal and curing characteristics of the anchoring resins using Thermogravimetric Analysis, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry tests. Pullout tests were conducted on resin encapsulated rock bolts to quantify their bonding performance at elevated temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 250 °C. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the resins are closely related to the type of curing agent, filler type and size, and curing time. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the anchoring materials ranged from 51 to 1