Political parties have so far spent less money on internet advertising than in the campaign for the 2021 parliamentary elections. So far, they have spent around 413,000 euros on advertising on Facebook and Instagram, researchers from the University of Amsterdam (UvA) report. This is significantly less than the 596,000 euros that the parties spent at the same point in the election campaign more than two years ago. One of the possible causes is that the parties' campaign coffers are less well-filled, says UvA researcher Tom Dobber.