Long cut off from the continent’s grid, Portugal and Spain built a system based on imports and alternatives like solar that is the envy of fellow European Union nations.
The European Union's REPowerEU seeks to reduce the European Union's dependency on Russian fossil fuels and accelerate the transition away from carbon intensive energy sources. The European Commission's cost estimate, however, may fall short as Rystad Energy analysis suggests the plan will require at least EUR1 trillion in investment to meet the core objective of increasing
For Europe, the web of natural gas pipelines crisscrossing Ukraine is a lifeline that keeps the lights on; for Russia, a cash cow it won't easily give up; and for Ukraine, a security blanket that offers some protection against Russian airstrikes. We look at why none of the three entities are ready to cut off the flow through those pipelines just yet.