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Objective To estimate the risk of all cause and cause specific mortality in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with matched unaffected people from the general population and with their unaffected siblings. Design Population based matched cohort and sibling cohort study. Setting Register linkage in Sweden. Participants Population based cohort including 61 378 people with OCD and 613 780 unaffected people matched (1:10) on sex, birth year, and county of residence; sibling cohort consisting of 34 085 people with OCD and 47 874 unaffected full siblings. Cohorts were followed up for a median time of 8.1 years during the period from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2020. Main outcome measures All cause and cause specific mortality. Results 4787 people with OCD and 30 619 unaffected people died during the study period (crude mortality rate 8.1 and 5.1 per 1000 person years, respectively). In stratified Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth year,

United statesKarolinska institutetAlbert bonniersWolters kluwer healthNational patient registerSwedish society of medicine svenskaSwedish research council for healthLongitudinal integration database for health insuranceNational board of healthSwedish ethical review authorityEpidemiologic catchment area programSwedish society of medicineDeath registerCensus registerSwedish total population registerLongitudinal integration database