Borneo, island in the extreme southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. It is the third largest island in the world, surpassed in size by only Greenland and New Guinea. Borneo is situated southeast of the Malay Peninsula in the Greater Sunda Islands group of the Malay Archipelago. The island is bounded by the South China Sea to the northwest, the Sulu Sea to the northeast, the Celebes Sea to the east, and the Java Sea to the south the latter separating Borneo from the island of Java. The Makassar Strait separates Borneo from the island of Celebes (Sulawesi) to the east
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28 January 2021
Authors: Nadia Azierah Hamdan and William Case, University of Nottingham Malaysia
In regime studies, Brunei Darussalam is typically cast as an absolute monarchy, in some renditions the most coercive form of rule. But in practice the Sultanate’s politics remains relatively benign. In coping effectively with the COVID-19 pandemic, Brunei has taken a ‘whole of government’ approach.
This is constitutive of a broader practice of ‘repressive but responsive politics’, distinguished by the state’s nurturing loyalties among its citizens through its provision of public sector positions and comprehensive welfare schemes, but also securing their compliance through systematic enforcement.
In responding specifically to the pandemic, the government swiftly crafted a four-stage de-escalation plan, firmed by a dedicated budget allocation of BND15 million (US$10.5 million) with which to meet viral outbreaks and emergencies.