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Refractory metal alloys are known for their distinctive specifications and general properties. Among them is the niobium-based refractory metal alloy C-103, which has a variety of applications in space exploration and propulsion technologies.
Though elements such as molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, niobium, and rhenium are the more well-known refractory metals, this category can be expanded to include up to 16 metallic elements.
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Refractory metals all have some core properties in common. These include exceptional resistance to corrosion, high thermal conductivity and melting points, as well as the retention of mechanical strength at high temperatures (hot strength).
Given the durable and hard-wearing properties of refractory elements, they have been the subject of research for applications in a wide range of fields. These include nuclear power, aerospace applications, drilling, metal cutting, chemical processing and electronics.
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1–4 It is possible to combine these elements, both with other materials and with each other, to create a wide range of high-performance refractory metal compounds and alloys, which are fundamental to several industries.
This article examines the main applications of refractory metals and the range of compounds and alloys in which they are used.
Aerospace and Defense
The defense and aerospace industries require materials with superior thermal and mechanical durability. For defense and aerospace applications, refractory metals are an essential class of materials as they supply a foundation for strength retention to temperatures as high as 2200°C.
Niobium is especially useful for applications in aerospace because of its comparatively low density, which is equivalent to that of nickel.