Unresolved obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after an adenotonsillectomy, henceforth
referred to as persistent OSA, is increasingly recognised in children (2–18 years).
Although associated with obesity, underlying medical complexity, and craniofacial
disorders, persistent OSA also occurs in otherwise healthy children. Inadequate treatment
of persistent OSA can lead to long-term adverse health outcomes beyond childhood.
Positive airway pressure, used as a one-size-fits-all primary management strategy
for persistent childhood OSA, is highly efficacious but has unacceptably low adherence
rates.