Manhattan: We are witnessing, in real-time, terror descend over Ukraine as an authoritarian ruler marches on its young democracy. Seeing this destabilization of Eastern Europe, with its historic Jewish cities once again under fire, is particularly frightening for the American Jewish community. This violence, with its echoes of the terrifying past, coupled with our own U.S. democracy under attack from within, is overwhelming.
French ruler Louis IX was a Catholic hero and a vicious anti-Semite, a patron of exquisite art and a fervent burner
of books. Matthew Gabriele and David M Perry consider the tangled legacy of a man who embodies both the horrors and beauty of medieval Europe