Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) which are mostly government agencies, usually do not fund privately owned airline businesses and at most they support airlines that work in partnership with Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) which supports State Owned Companies (SOCs).DFIs finance is therefore usually injected for establishing new capacity, upgrades, maintenance and expansions. In the SAA/Takatso fiasco, the DPE dumps shares for R51, assuming each share costs R1 (which is impossible considering the underlying assets of SAA unlike its subsidiaries like Mango which until its demise virtually had no assets besides its licenses).