over that time frame. having said that, it s also clear to me that way too many kids graduate high school who are not prepared for college and far too many kids don t graduate high school. in the 21st century, kids graduated high school, what s their plan b. one of your strategies for reform is to put charter schools in clusters and had some success there and because then you get a kind of community that looks at it, all schools get lifted up by that kind of cluster strategy, but the critique of charters is that they never anywhere have gone up to scale. the kind of scale you need. even though some individual schools are very successful you need scale if you re going to reform the whole system. how do you respond to? you re absolutely right. but i think column is close to scale in new orleans now. post katrina they created a new system and in new orleans you have a real choice system. and harlem today, 40% of the kids who start school go to charter schools.