In the past, there was some deniability over whether water, air or ecosystems were getting polluted by commercial operations — without adequate measurements, businesses could pass the buck. But today, there is much greater traceability.
The focus of my work is understanding how buildings and indoor environments impact us — this includes health and wellbeing in multiple ways which are also important economically, as in labour market and financial outcomes. Ive researched how homes, schools and workplaces, through poor building, ventilation systems, etc., can lead to impaired learning and damaged health and performance outcomes. I use econometric techniques and economic theory to study this — air quality is a core focus here, says Juan Palacios.
With early-stage cancer, researchers have to wait for years to see how a drug works. This creates a very strong incentive for pharmaceutical firms to work on late-stage drugs only, with one exception being hematological cancers which have very good biomarkers to show if a drug is effective, said Carolyn Stein.
The UNFCCC focus from 1992 has been on carbon dioxide (CO2) and the role of energy generation and use in CO2 emissions. Now, its increasingly being recognised that because the radiative forcing per unit of methane is so much greater than CO2, although the quantities of CO2 emitted annually are greater, CO2 has a half life in the atmosphere exceeding 100 years while all emitted methane is out of the atmosphere in 10 to 20 years, said Robert N. Stavins.
"Older people are healthier now, more vital and stronger than they were in the past — their working for longer will generate more income and make them less reliant on support through taxes and family transfers," said Ronald D. Lee.