Introduction Only a short time ago, considerable enthusiasm existed in Finland regarding Beijing’s efforts to forge an “Arctic corridor” of railroads and undersea tunnels, satellite ground stations, an airport for scientific expeditions, and massive biorefineries. In this, Finland was not alone but represented only a small branch of China’s comprehensive thrust to permanently establish a presence above the Arctic Circle. …
There is a sizeable gap between China’s ambitions for the PSR and its actual capabilities and accomplishments in the Arctic – and the gap has widened since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.