Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is an environmentally friendly approach to transform greenhouse CO2 to value-added chemical feedstocks and fuels. One of the promising CO2RR products is formate which is widely applied in chemical, food and energy related industrials. The ideal CO2RR to formate electrolysers should possess features such as high formate conversion Faradaic efficiencies (FEformate) at low overpotentials, high current densities, and outstanding stability to meet industrial requirements. In this thesis, highly selective formate producing catalysts were designed and prepared. The effects of CO2RR catalysts’ structures, the electrolyte alkalinity, the cell configuration, and the full-cell assembly in combination with an oxygen evolution anode toward CO2RR performance were systematically studied. To study catalyst structural effects on formate selectivity, a novel hierarchical structure of 3 dimensional (3D) mesoporous Pd on highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes were prepared v
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