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A form of inflammatory cell death called panoptosis triggers the storm of cytokines, or inflammatory proteins, that causes critical illness in COVID-19, researchers say. During inflammatory cell death, cells spew out their contents instead of neatly packaging them away as happens during routine cell death, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti of St. Jude Children s Research Hospital told Reuters. Neighboring cells see the cytokines released and the other unexpected debris as a sign of danger, and they can respond by secreting more cytokines, allowing the cytokine storm to build. Her team identified a synergy between two cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, as the cause of panoptosis in COVID-19. Mice given TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma developed the symptoms and organ damage of COVID-19 and died rapidly, Kanneganti said.

United kingdomNew yorkUnited statesNorth carolinaNordrhein westfalenUniversity of arizonaCity ofGreat plainsFred hutchinson cancer research centerNahid bhadeliaSteven hansenVilma gabbayDonald trumpJoel zivotSoumya swaminathanAnthony fauci