Hamas’s massacre of Israeli civilians, known as ‘Black Sabbath,’ caught virtually everyone by surprise, even though the group had a long history of violence. One reason for this situation is
MEMRI is republishing, following the July 31, 2022 killing of Al-Qaeda leader Ayman Al-Zawahiri, two archival MEMRI JTTM reports by MEMRI senior analyst Dr. Nimrod Raphaeli.