The challenge of providing a safe and dignified means to undertake humankind’s most basic bodily function is characterized by two extremes in Kenya. On one end of the spectrum, ambitious sewerage systems are often paralyzed by inadequate resources and feasibility constraints. On the other, open defecation and flying toilets - the practice of defecating in a plastic bag and then discarding it in the open - are the options of last resort for those without even the most basic latrine facilities. The result is a gap in access to safely managed sanitation that impacts a quarter of Kenya’s population, according to the 2019 census data.