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Light is a very delicate and vulnerable property. Light can be absorbed or reflected at the surface of a material depending on the matter s properties or change its form and be converted into thermal energy. Upon reaching a metallic material s surface, light also tends to lose energy to the electrons inside the metal, a broad range of phenomena we call optical loss. Production of ultra-small optical elements that utilize light in various ways is very difficult since the smaller the size of an optical component results in a greater optical loss. However, in recent years, the non-Hermitian theory, which uses optical loss in an entirely different way, has been applied to optics research.

Northeastern universityUnited statesSouth koreaJunsuk rhoYongmin liuHeonyeong jeonTechnology foundationUs national science foundationNational research foundation of koreaMechanical engineeringChemical engineeringSeokwoo kimScience advancesScience foundationSamsung scienceNational research foundation