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Objective To determine whether patient mortality after surgery differs between surgeries performed on surgeons’ birthdays compared with other days of the year. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting US acute care and critical access hospitals. Participants 100% fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 to 99 years who underwent one of 17 common emergency surgical procedures in 2011-14. Main outcome measures Patient postoperative 30 day mortality, defined as death within 30 days after surgery, with adjustment for patient characteristics and surgeon fixed effects. Results 980 876 procedures performed by 47 489 surgeons were analyzed. 2064 (0.2%) of the procedures were performed on surgeons’ birthdays. Patient characteristics, including severity of illness, were similar between patients who underwent surgery on a surgeon’s birthday and those who underwent surgery on other days. The overall unadjusted 30 day mortality on the operating surgeon’s birthday was

United kingdomUnited statesYusuke tsugawaCharles liuThomas tsaiRuthl newhouseLos angelesAshishk jhaHirotaka katoAnupamb jenaEli lillyRivfka shenoySanofi aventisNational institutes of healthUniversity of californiaBristol myers squibb