The Earth’s sole source of energy, aside from trivial heat coming from Earth’s core, is the Sun, which radiates sunlight to the planet at about 1360 watts per square meter. Considering Earth’s spherical shape and daily rotation, the planet immediately reflects approximately 30% of that sunlight (avg 102 W/m2), called Earth’s albedo, back into space, and absorbs approximately 70% (avg 239 W/m2) of the incoming radiation. All absorbed radiation is eventually re-radiated into the atmosphere as lower-frequency infrared radiation. At this point the exchanges get complicated, as the greenhouse gases dispersed throughout the atmosphere re-absorb and re-emit certain percentages of Earth’s infrared radiation, some of which is radiated back down to Earth, some radiated into outer space, and some spread as atmospheric heat through molecular collisions with nearby air molecules.
The Version 6 global average lower tropospheric temperature (LT) anomaly for November, 2023 was +0.91 deg. C departure from the 1991-2020 mean, statistically unchanged from the October, 2023 anomaly of +0.93 deg. C.
most of the CO2 concentration variability is in the Northern Hemisphere, especially north of 60°N. This variability “whips” its way towards the southern hemisphere. There is also a persistent “bulge” in the concentration of CO2 that resides in a zone between the equator and about 45°N, and this is particularly apparent in the low pass “residue” plot.
Pro: 1.5 Degrees Warming Is Dangerous From The Climate Reality Project: GLOBAL WARMING IS ABOUT AVERAGE TEMPERATURES When we talk about 1.5 degrees of warming, we’re talking about the increase in the Earth’s average temperature. We measure this increase from a baseline average temperature in the mid-to-late nineteenth century – when the Industrial Revolution swung into high
Pro: Climate Models Have Been Demonstrated to be Accurate. From NASA By Alan Buis,NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory An animation of a GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) climate model simulation made for the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, showing five-year averaged surface air temperature anomalies in degrees Celsius from 1880