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Robert K Ritner Jr , eminent Egyptologist and beloved teacher, 1953–2021
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Egyptian Demons and Magic: Exorcising Evil Spirits
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The Demonic Calendar Of Ancient Egypt
The Egyptians, like many cultures, had no generic word for ‘demon’. Although some words, such as
Akhw, get very close. Etymologically, the Greek derived term ‘daemon’ or ‘demon’ means divider or alloter, and from Homer’s time onwards, it referred to an operator of unexpected and intrusive events in a person’s life. Unlike Olympian gods, a daemon was an impersonal thing, unpredictable, anonymous and often frightful in manifestation, thus connected with fate.
Egyptian scene with demons (Image: Courtesy Chris Morgan)
Plato, perhaps influenced by Egyptian and Hindu thought, added a new concept of the ‘guardian daemon’ that accompanied a person in life, and postmortem, acted as one’s judge or advocate. Contemporary magical practitioners often describe a spiritual entity known as the Holy Guardian Angel, that becomes attached to or comes into existence at one’s birth or conception.