and the consortium must be compensatesed if other road upgrades or action by the state such as high-speed rail reduces income from the road. when flooding in the area forced the state toll road to waive tolls in 2008, the state taxpayer was on the hook to foreigners for the lost road revenue. according to penn state law professor alan demean, when you look at the adverse action clauses the u.s. looks like a subsaharan african country than a first world country. the clauses go on for pages and pages. they re putting the contractor in a better situation than the government would be. since 2010, banks raised over $140 billion in investment money to try to buy up more roads and public assets with guaranteed payouts for 70 or 80 year preventing american cities about states from updating anything unless they pay off the banks. the two biggest being goldman sachs and the australian bank