The term zero tolerance has been used as a pejorative term to criticize broken windows, and appropriately so. Broken windows wasnt zero tolerance. Zero tolerance, first of all, implies a zealotry about you will have no discretion. And the second thing is, it says you dont have any discretion which is exactly what we want to avoid which sets up a high arrest thing. But let me just talk about, zero tolerance can be a useful tool at times, at particular locations around particular problems. But you have to be very specific about that. Think, for example, of just a very simple example, school buses. We simply understand that the risks of people passing school buses is so great and the consequence is so great that we dont want any discretion about that. We want to send out a message you pass a school bus thats discharging or getting children, youre in deep, deep trouble. So and i could give you other examples of that. So zero tolerance is antithetical to the whole approach of broken windows
It down to 78 cases where there was a real case negligent hiring. Not just a one of the lawyers threw up against the wall like spaghetti to see what would stick. We found 41 cases and all those years that were true that legit hiring. We whittled down even further to see if it was a primary claim, the primary claim was in 28 cases, 19 plaintiffs and nine settlements. We then wanted to know how many of those involved the criminal records. What we discovered was only 11 out of the 28 involved the criminal record. So the fear of being sued for negligent hiring was really, should not be a great fear. Especially when you think about new york which there are so many various employers. To our 588,115 reporting employers for over 8 million employees. When you look at the number and you see its negligible. The last thing ill say as my time is up is that when we did this study one of the things we were not able to see is whether, in fact, any of the employers took into account the requirements of
These consequences. They include but are not limited to loss or restriction of professional licenses, ineligibility for public funds including Public Welfare benefits, Public Housing, and student loans, loss of voting rights, ineligibility for jury duty, and a big one in colorado is loss of hunting privileges. And deportation of immigrants. While collateral consequences have always accompanied criminal convictions in the United States, their number in impact expanded dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s. Collateral consequences have recently garnered increased attention in if large part because of the Record Number of individuals now exiting u. S. Correctional facilities and returning to communities across the country. The numerous collateral consequences that attached to convictions are perceived as frustrating reintegration for both individuals and for communities. Many maintain that collateral consequences are a barrier to successful reentry for many offenders. While many nations
Greece shows that at least four nonchristian prayergivers delivered prayers thereafter in 2009, 10, 11 and 13. On the sectarian points, clearly the line. Counsel. Im sorry . One a year. Im sorry, your honor . Four additional people after the suit was filed. Yes, your honor. One a year. Approximately. How often does the legislature meet . Once a month. And on the sectarian line, i just like to point the court to the senate brief, the amicus brief filed by senators, pages 8 to 17 which shows the extensive history from the beginning of the republic until today of prayer in congress. That would be sectarian and unconstitutional under respondents position. With respect to coercion, its unquestionably true that there is less basis for claiming coercion here than there was in marsh. In marsh, senator chambers was required to be on the senate floor by rule, he had to be there to do his job and the practice was to stand every single time, which he did because he felt coerced to do it, whereas,