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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or, more correctly autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has long been a horizon-dwelling promise for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS).
For those to whom AHSCT is not a familiar term, bone marrow transplant is often the lay term used for the procedure.
The therapy was first put to use for people with particular types of cancer with mixed effect. The transition from cancer therapy to MS treatment was a rocky one, during which many lives were put at risk and some were lost.
Full disclosure: I personally knew two people who died during their participation in AHSCT trials. Their sacrifice helped lead researchers and patient advocates to modify and improve the treatment to the point it can now be recommended to some people living with MS.