Scientists from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and the University of Hyogo in Kobe, Japan, have developed a way to more precisely measure high-pressure compression in the laboratory up to 10 million atmospheres.
LLNL said pressures exceeding 1 million atmospheres can alter how atoms are packed together, which can lead to new chemical bonding. Testing the quantum theory of condensed matter under enormous pressure has produced such discoveries as helium rain, a transparent sodium metal, superionic water ice, and the transformation of hydrogen into a metallic fluid.
But, until now, most extremely high-pressure experiments â as much as 1 terapascal, or approximately 10 million atmospheres â relied on theoretical models or extrapolation of low-pressure measurements to determine just how much pressure was being applied.
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Physicists Caught Two Atoms Talking to Each Other
Illustration: TU DELFT/SCIXEL
A team of physicists in the Netherlands and Germany recently placed a bunch of titanium atoms under a scanning tunneling microscope. Those atoms were in constant, quiet interaction with each other through the directions of their spins. In a clever feat, the researchers were able to home in on a single pair of atoms, zapping one with an electric current in order to flip its spin. They then measured the reaction of its partner.
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When two atoms have spins that are interdependent, they are considered quantumly entangled. That entanglement means that the behavior of one atom has a direct impact on the other, and theory says this should remain true even when they are separated by great distances. In this case, the titanium atoms were a little over a nanometer (a millionth of a millimeter) apart, close enough for the two particles to interact with one another but far enough away that the inter
What is the Peer-to-Peer Simulation Hypothesis?
The idea that we may be living inside of a computer simulation is not new. It was famously depicted in the 1998 film The Matrix and argued to be probable by philosopher Nick Bostrom. However, most forms of the simulation hypothesis (including Bostrom s) are purely speculative. They do not explain or make predictions about the world we perceive.
Is based on serious scientific and philosophical hypothesies.
Explains features of the physical world (including quantum world) that no other theory explains.
Makes predictions about our world, and so may be confirmed or falsified.
The P2P hypothesis holds that we are living in a peer-to-peer networked computer simulation. Some computer simulations have a dedicated centeral server (a single computer running the simulation that all other computers access). However, peer-to-peer networked simulations have no central server. The simulated reality is simply a vast netw
Idiom Book Sculpture, Prague City Library.
Books endure. We discard newspapers the day after, magazines stick around a bit longer, junk mail not at all, but books we keep. After we read a book, we shelve them, we show off our book collection as backdrops in our Zoom calls, we stack books in corners, we store them in boxes, we might drop them off at a used bookstore, we might even make books into works of art, but we almost never just toss them out. Printed books endure.
Book printing company Grafica Veneta, located in the Italian province of Padua, a half hour drive from the causeway to Venice, announced the acquisition of a majority ownership stake in Lake Book Manufacturing. The acquired company is close by Chicago’s O’Hare airport, likely an enabling factor in the decision by an Italian book manufacturer to invest in a US-based partner. The owner of Lake Book, Dan Genovese, noted that his family’s Italian heritage also played a part in the decision to seek and accept a
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