education, what follows girls, what follows getting out of povertyish it is the size of families. europe decreased the size of families. it was six, it was five it came down to way below level. even with immigration population is decreasing in europe. in america it came down slightly later will there was a baby boom after the second world war but it s down to two now. in asia which was such a worry, people label it population bomb but also a nasty expression. this is what you could see from asia. it was, indeed high all the way into 1970s. it s two today. in india, two children or less. africa is something happening? yes, indeed it is 4.5 today. we know that more or less this will happen into the future. we don t know how fast africa will come down. we don t know at this level. but this is a big change from lots of children which many died to few children which