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At first glance, the hexagonal cells build by honey bees and social wasps may seem similar, but they are significantly different. Honey bees build using wax, whereas wasps use paper. Honey bees build their double-sided combs vertically, whereas wasps build single-sided comb horizontally (i.e., the opening of each cell faces downward). Indeed, the hexagonal cells built by these two groups have independent evolutionary origins. Just like sharks and whales have similar body plans due to their watery environment, bees and wasps build hexagonal cells because the shape maximizes strength and storage area, while minimizing building materials.

Michaell smithMethod of researchNational science foundationDepartment of biological sciences at auburn universityGerman research foundationAssistant professorBiological sciencesAuburn universityAffiliate memberMax planck instituteAnimal behaviorPackard fellowship