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figure of speech - figure of speech - The five major categories: In European languages, figures of speech are generally classified in five major categories: (1) figures of resemblance or relationship, (2) figures of emphasis or understatement, (3) figures of sound, (4) verbal games and gymnastics, and (5) errors. The first category comprises simile; metaphor; kenning (a concise compound or figurative phrase replacing a common noun, especially in Old Germanic, Old Norse, and Old English poetry), as in “whale-path” or “swan road” for “sea,” or “God’s beacon” for “sun”; conceit (usually a simile or metaphor that forms an extremely ingenious or fanciful parallel between apparently dissimilar or incongruous objects or situations), as

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