controls that just weren t in place that should have been there. then the cost here. i mean, when you have to pay the ransom, that s the debate now, right? to pay or not to pay. debate whether it should be illegal to pay up. i remember there was a study by one cybersecurity company, found that over half the ransomware victims pay the ransom, then only one-quarter see their full data returned. so even if you do pay, sounds like there s a good chance you don t get off lightly, it may not be worth it to pay. what s the right call here? right, so it s each individual organization has to make that decision for themselves. obviously as a security person, i recommend never paying the ransom. but it s not always just a security decision. but you re absolutely right. just because you ve paid the ransom doesn t mean your problems are over. your decrypter may not work. you may have to completely rewrite it. even then, even if everything works perfectly, you still have