This past Thursday, the Supreme Court in New York State Pistol and Rifle Association v. Bruen upended the legal framework that appropriately permitted policymakers to protect Americans from gun violence. Never in our nation’s history have guns been so deadly and pervasive, yet the conservative majority opted to confine the interpretation of gun laws to the era of muskets with little helpful guidance. An over-reliance on uncertain, incomplete, or false history, detached from considerations of public health and safety, will confuse courts, imperil policy, and endanger lives going forward.