Kavach implementation involves the installation of Station Kavach at each station, RFID tags throughout the track length, and the provision of Loco Kavach on each locomotive running on the Indian Railway. It necessitates a communication backbone with tower installations throughout the section and the laying of optical fibre.” Efforts are underway to develop additional Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to enhance capacity and scale up Kavach implementation, with three OEMs currently approved for Kavach