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Credit: Said Sannuga, Cellscape.co.uk / ETH Zurich, The Ban Lab Viruses require the resources of an infected cell to replicate and then infect further cells, and transfer to other individuals. One essential step in the viral life cycle is the production of new viral proteins based on the instructions in the viral RNA genome. Following these construction plans, the cell s own protein synthesis machine, called the ribosome, produces the viral proteins. In the absence of viral infection, the ribosome moves along the RNA in strictly defined steps, reading three letters of RNA at a time. This three-letter code defines the corresponding amino acid that is being attached to the growing protein. It almost never happens that the ribosome slips one or two RNA letters forward or backward instead of following the regular three-letter steps. When such a slip of the ribosome occurs, it is called a frameshift, and it leads to an incorrect reading of the genetic code.

Nenad banNational centerUniversity of bernSwiss national science foundationMolecular biologyBiomechanics biophysicsCell biologyMolecular biologyMolecular physicsநேனத் தடைதேசிய மையம்பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் பெர்ன்சுவிஸ் தேசிய அறிவியல் அடித்தளம்மூலக்கூறு உயிரியல்