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Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and access to health services among children and adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study

Our study showed that the burden of cancer in children and adolescents in China is much higher than previously nationally reported from 2000 to 2015. The distribution of the accessibility of health services, as a social determinant of health, might have a notable role in the socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence among Chinese children and adolescents. With regards to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, policy approaches should prioritise increasing the accessibility of health services for early diagnosis to improve outcomes and subsequently reduce disease burdens, as well as narrowing the socioeconomic inequalities of childhood and adolescent cancer.

Rice improves catalyst that destroys forever chemicals with sunlight

Rice improves catalyst that destroys forever chemicals with sunlight
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Frontiers | Enterovirus 71 Antagonizes Antiviral Effects of Type III Interferon and Evades the Clearance of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen causing severe neurological complications, hand, foot, and mouth disease. The intestinal mucosal immune system has a complete immune response and immune regulation mechanism, consisting of densely arranged monolayer intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) distributed among the IECs, which constitute the first line of intestinal mucosa against infection of foreign pathogens. As an enterovirus, EV71 is transmitted by the intestinal tract; however, the mechanisms it uses to evade the immunosurveillance of the intestinal mucosal immune system are still incompletely clarified. The present study investigated how EV71 evades from recognizing and eliminating IECs, iIELs, and iNK cells. We found that EV71 infection-induced higher level of type III interferons (IFN-λ) than type Ⅰ interferons (IFN-β) in IECs and the addition of IFN-λ markedly restricted EV71 replication in IECs. These results indicate t

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