The publication of post-Cold War memoirs by former agents and the release of declassified documents by the United States and Russia have provided a fairly complete account of the CIA’s activities, including both its successes and its failures. CIA data collection and analysis was important for arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War and for determining U.S. strategy during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, when President John F. Kennedy relied on information gathered by the CIA through Soviet double agent Colonel Oleg Penkovsky. During the 1970s and ’80s, CIA agents in the Soviet military and the