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© Marco Turchetti As a laser illuminates these nanometer-scale devices (blue wave), attosecond electron flashes are generated (red pulse) at the ends of nanotips and used to trace out weak light fields (red wave). Credit: Understanding how light waves oscillate in time as they interact with materials is essential to understanding light-driven energy transfer in materials, such as solar cells or plants. Due to the fantastically high speeds at which light waves oscillate, however, scientists have yet to develop a compact device with enough time resolution to directly capture them. Now, a team led by MIT researchers has demonstrated chip-scale devices that can directly trace the weak electric field of light waves as they change in time. Their device, which incorporates a microchip that uses short laser pulses and nanoscale antennas, is easy to use, requiring no special environment for operation, minimal laser parameters, and conventional laboratory electronics.

United statesPeter hommelhoffDario cattozzo morMina biontaMinar biontaYujia yangFelix ritzkowskyDeutsches elektronenMarco turchettiPhillip donnie keathleyWilliam putnamKarl berggrenResearch laboratory of electronicsUniversity of california at davisUniversity of hamburgDepartment of electrical engineering