Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). Antimicrobials are the mainstay of typhoid disease control and effective antimicrobial therapy can reduce the rate of complications from 10–30% down to 1%. A new conjugate vaccine has recently been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national immunisation programmes are currently being considered by many countries where the disease is endemic.